Managing Non-Governmental Organizations Worldwide: Mapping the Knowledge Base of Nonprofit Management in the Human Services

This article reviews the literature on managing the rapidly expanding number of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide. The structures of NGOS vary from country to country based on a diverse set of activities that are designed to respond to unique social, economic, cultural and political conditions. The literature is categorized in terms of the strategies for managing and leading, financing and evaluating, managing human resources, and managing different types of services. The literature captures the growing demands for diverse funding streams, the development and maintenance of inter-organizational relationships, and managing internal operations. Globalization has created additional challenges by requiring managers to oversee multiple sites, often in different countries. This review of the knowledge base of international non-governmental organizations concludes with implications for future research.